Solar Calendar and Lunar Calendar
Abdul Rahim
Hijri Committee of India
The most important thing to understand regarding the distinction between the Solar and Lunar calendars is that the Solar calendar involves only the Sun and the Earth, whereas in the Lunar calendar, the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth are all key protagonists. This is because sunlight reflecting off the Moon serves as the marker for the date and month, while sunlight falling on the Earth serves as the marker for days and time.
In other words, when the Earth completes one rotation on its axis relative to the Sun, it indicates the time and the day. However, as the Moon rotates on its own axis while orbiting the Earth (which in turn revolves around the Sun), it indicates the date and the month.
According to the Quran, regarding the knowledge of the number of years and calculations, Verse 5 of Surah Yunus states that He (Allah) made the Sun a shining glory and the Moon a light, and measured out stages for it, so that you might know the number of years and the count (of time). Based on this, if an ordinary person observes these signs, they can understand the date, month, and year.
Furthermore, Verse 12 of Surah Al-Isra speaks about the alternation of night and day. By observing this, we can understand the signs of days and time. From these two verses, ordinary people can comprehend time, day, date, month, and year.
However, if we observe nature through the lens of what is called the “Solar Calendar,” an ordinary person cannot understand anything beyond the day and time. Without the help of a pre-prepared calendar, the Solar calendar cannot be understood. On the contrary, by observing nature through the Lunar Calendar, even an ordinary person can understand the time, day, date, month, and year directly.
Wassalam (With Peace)
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